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Algae Biodiesel Oil Extraction

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Extracting oil from algae can be accomplished in a number of ways from super-simple to super-complex. Below are the ways that are currently being used. The method you use would depend on a number of different factors, such as, volume of oil to be extracted, budget, and need. Below are the most common and is intended as an overview to get you stated in the right direction. More research in this area is needed.

algae biodiesel oil extraction: Expression/Expeller press-This is the age old method and has been use for 100's of years. Many commercial manufacturers of vegetable oil (Think Olive or Corn oil) use a combination of mechanical pressing and chemical solvents in extracting oil. When algae is dried it retains its oil content, which then can be "pressed" out with an oil press. Using this method you should be able to extract as much as 70%-75% of the oil present. Clearly, while the easiest and least expensive, it is also the least efficient.

algae biodiesel oil extraction: Chemical Extraction: Extraction methods using chemicals such as Benzene and ether have been used as well. The most popular chemical extraction method currently is hexane extraction, which is widely used in the food industry and is relatively inexpensive. Unfortunately the downside to using solvents for oil extraction are the dangers involved in working with the chemicals. Care must be taken to avoid exposure to vapors and direct contact with the skin, either of which can cause serious damage. Benzene is classified as a carcinogen. Chemical solvents also present the problem of being an explosion hazard. In short, these chemicals are bad stuff and care needs to be taken if this method is the one you choose.

algae biodiesel oil extraction: Supercritical fluid-In supercritical fluid/CO2 extraction, CO2 is liquefied under pressure and heated to the point that it has the properties of both a liquid and a gas, this liquefied fluid then acts as the solvent in extracting the oil. The good news here is that almost 100% of the oil can be extracted using this method.

algae biodiesel oil extraction: Other methods of extracting oil from algae are:

Enzymatic extraction-Enzymatic extraction uses enzymes to degrade the cell walls with water acting as the solvent, this makes fractionation of the oil much easier. The costs of this extraction process are estimated to be much greater than hexane extraction, so it is not used as much.

Osmotic shock-Osmotic shock is a sudden reduction in osmotic pressure, this can cause cells in a solution to rupture. Osmotic shock is sometimes used to release cellular components, such as oil.

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction- Ultrasonic extraction, a branch of sonochemistry, can greatly accelerate extraction processes. Using an ultrasonic reactor, ultrasonic waves are used to create cavitations bubbles in a solvent material, when these bubbles collapse near the cell walls, it creates shock waves and liquid jets that causes those cells walls to break and release their contents into the solvent. This method is said to be where the most promising methods of future extraction lie.